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Minerals A to Z

Minerals are naturally occurring crystalline compounds with a fixed chemical makeup, and they are the building blocks of every rock. This list covers the minerals in the StoneSnap database, from rock-forming feldspars and micas to ore minerals and collector crystals.

Every mineral page lists hardness, streak, luster, cleavage and specific gravity so you can confirm an identification with simple field tests.

Mohs hardness in this group runs from 1 to 9.

Also browse:Types of Igneous RocksTypes of Sedimentary RocksTypes of Metamorphic RocksGemstonesMetals & Alloys

All minerals (174)

Amethyst specimen: purple and violet crystalAmethystMohs 7 · White streakRose Quartz specimen: pink and rose mineralRose QuartzMohs 7 · White streakTurquoise specimen: blue and blue-green mineralTurquoiseMohs 6 · White to pale green streakLabradorite specimen: gray and blue flash mineralLabradoriteMohs 6 · White streakClear Quartz specimen: colorless and white mineralClear QuartzMohs 7 · White streakLapis Lazuli specimen: deep blue and blue mineralLapis LazuliMohs 5.5 · Light blue streakTiger's Eye specimen: golden brown and yellow mineralTiger's EyeMohs 7 · White streakMalachite specimen: green and dark green mineralMalachiteMohs 4 · Pale green streakCitrine specimen: yellow and orange crystalCitrineMohs 7 · White streakFluorite specimen: purple and green mineralFluoriteMohs 4 · White streakSelenite specimen: colorless and white mineralSeleniteMohs 2 · White streakAgate specimen: blue and brown mineralAgateMohs 7 · White streakPyrite specimen: brass yellow and pale gold mineralPyriteMohs 6.5 · Greenish-black streakAmazonite specimen: blue-green and turquoise mineralAmazoniteMohs 6 · White streakAzurite specimen: deep blue and azure blue mineralAzuriteMohs 3.5 · Light blue streakJasper specimen: red and yellow mineralJasperMohs 7 · White streakCarnelian specimen: orange and red-orange mineralCarnelianMohs 7 · White streakChrysocolla specimen: blue-green and cyan mineralChrysocollaMohs 2.5 · White to pale blue streakSatin Spar specimen: white and cream mineralSatin SparMohs 2 · White streakSmoky Quartz specimen: brown and gray crystalSmoky QuartzMohs 7 · White streakKyanite specimen: blue and green mineralKyaniteMohs 5 · White streakRhodonite specimen: pink and rose mineralRhodoniteMohs 6 · White streakFire Agate specimen: brown and orange mineralFire AgateMohs 7 · White streakSodalite specimen: blue and blue with white veins mineralSodaliteMohs 5.5 · White streakBlue Lace Agate specimen: pale blue and white mineralBlue Lace AgateMohs 7 · White streakHematite specimen: metallic gray and black mineralHematiteMohs 6 · Red to reddish-brown streakLepidolite specimen: pink and purple mineralLepidoliteMohs 2.5 · White streakBloodstone specimen: dark green with red spots mineralBloodstoneMohs 7 · White streakDendritic Agate specimen: white and gray mineralDendritic AgateMohs 7 · White streakDesert Rose specimen: tan and brown mineralDesert RoseMohs 2 · White streakCalcite specimen: colorless and white mineralCalciteMohs 3 · White streakDalmatian Jasper specimen: cream and white mineralDalmatian JasperMohs 7 · White streakActinolite specimen: green and dark green mineralActinoliteMohs 5–6 · White streakAegirine specimen: dark green and black mineralAegirineMohs 6–6.5 · Pale green to grayish yellow streakAlabaster specimen: white and cream mineralAlabasterMohs 1.5–2 · White streakAlbite specimen: white and colorless mineralAlbiteMohs 6–6.5 · White streakAlmandine specimen: deep red and reddish brown mineralAlmandineMohs 7–7.5 · White streakAmetrine specimen: purple and yellow bicolor zoning mineralAmetrineMohs 7 · White streakAnalcime specimen: colorless and white mineralAnalcimeMohs 5–5.5 · White streakAndalusite specimen: reddish brown and olive green mineralAndalusiteMohs 6.5–7.5 · White streakAndradite specimen: yellow-green (demantoid) and brown mineralAndraditeMohs 6.5–7 · White streakAnhydrite specimen: colorless and white mineralAnhydriteMohs 3–3.5 · White streakApatite specimen: green and blue mineralApatiteMohs 5 · White streakApophyllite specimen: colorless and white mineralApophylliteMohs 4.5–5 · White streakAragonite specimen: colorless and white mineralAragoniteMohs 3.5–4 · White streakArsenopyrite specimen: silver-white and steel-gray mineralArsenopyriteMohs 5.5–6 · Dark grayish black streakAstrophyllite specimen: golden-yellow and bronze mineralAstrophylliteMohs 3–3.5 · Brownish yellow streakAtacamite specimen: bright green and dark green mineralAtacamiteMohs 3–3.5 · Apple green streakAugite specimen: black and dark green mineralAugiteMohs 5.5–6 · Grayish green to colorless streakAurichalcite specimen: pale green and blue-green mineralAurichalciteMohs 1–2 · Pale blue-green streakAventurine specimen: green and blue mineralAventurineMohs 6.5–7 · White streakAxinite specimen: clove-brown and violet-brown mineralAxiniteMohs 6.5–7 · White streakBaryte specimen: colorless and white mineralBaryteMohs 3–3.5 · White streakBauxite specimen: reddish brown and tan mineralBauxiteMohs 1–3 · White to yellowish streakBenitoite specimen: blue and colorless mineralBenitoiteMohs 6–6.5 · White streakBeryl specimen: green (emerald) and blue (aquamarine) mineralBerylMohs 7.5–8 · White streakBiotite specimen: black and dark brown mineralBiotiteMohs 2.5–3 · White to gray streakBismuth specimen: silvery white and pinkish iridescent tarnish (yellow, red, blue hues) mineralBismuthMohs 2–2.5 · Silvery gray streakBorax specimen: white and colorless mineralBoraxMohs 2–2.5 · White streakBornite specimen: copper red to brownish bronze (fresh) and iridescent purple-blue tarnish (peacock ore) mineralBorniteMohs 3–3.25 · Grayish black streakBrucite specimen: white and pale green mineralBruciteMohs 2.5 · White streakCassiterite specimen: brown and black mineralCassiteriteMohs 6–7 · White to grayish brown streakCavansite specimen: bright blue and deep blue mineralCavansiteMohs 3–4 · Pale blue streakCelestine specimen: colorless and pale blue mineralCelestineMohs 3–3.5 · White streakCerussite specimen: colorless and white mineralCerussiteMohs 3–3.5 · White streakChabazite specimen: white and colorless mineralChabaziteMohs 4–5 · White streakChalcedony specimen: blue-gray and white mineralChalcedonyMohs 6.5–7 · White streakChalcocite specimen: blackish lead-gray and black mineralChalcociteMohs 2.5–3 · Dark gray to black streakChalcopyrite specimen: brass yellow and golden yellow mineralChalcopyriteMohs 3.5–4 · Greenish black streakCharoite specimen: lilac and purple mineralCharoiteMohs 5–6 · White streakChiastolite specimen: gray and brown mineralChiastoliteMohs 6.5–7.5 · White streakChlorite specimen: green and dark green mineralChloriteMohs 2–2.5 · Pale green to white streakChromite specimen: black and brownish black mineralChromiteMohs 5.5 · Dark brown to black streakChrysoberyl specimen: yellow and greenish-yellow mineralChrysoberylMohs 8.5 · White streakChrysoprase specimen: apple-green and green (sometimes with darker spots) mineralChrysopraseMohs 6.5–7 · White streakCinnabar specimen: red and brownish red mineralCinnabarMohs 2–2.5 · Scarlet red streakCobaltite specimen: silvery white with pink/reddish tint and steel gray mineralCobaltiteMohs 5.5 · Grayish black streakColemanite specimen: colorless and white mineralColemaniteMohs 4–4.5 · White streakCopper specimen: copper red (fresh) and brown to green-black (tarnished) mineralCopperMohs 2.5–3 · Copper red, shiny streakCordierite specimen: blue and violet-blue mineralCordieriteMohs 7–7.5 · White streakCorundum specimen: red (ruby) and blue (sapphire) mineralCorundumMohs 9 · White (colorless) streakCovellite specimen: indigo blue and blue-black mineralCovelliteMohs 1.5–2 · Lead-gray to black streakCrocoite specimen: bright orange-red and red mineralCrocoiteMohs 2.5–3 · Orange-yellow streakCryolite specimen: colorless and white mineralCryoliteMohs 2.5–3 · White streakCuprite specimen: red and dark red mineralCupriteMohs 3.5–4 · Brownish red streakDanburite specimen: colorless and pale yellow mineralDanburiteMohs 7–7.5 · White streakDatolite specimen: colorless and white mineralDatoliteMohs 5–5.5 · White streakDiaspore specimen: colorless and white mineralDiasporeMohs 6.5–7 · White streakDiopside specimen: light to dark green and white mineralDiopsideMohs 5.5–6.5 · White streakDioptase specimen: emerald green and bluish green mineralDioptaseMohs 5 · Green streakDumortierite specimen: blue and violet-blue mineralDumortieriteMohs 7–8.5 · White streakElbaite specimen: pink and green mineralElbaiteMohs 7–7.5 · White streakEpidote specimen: pistachio green and yellowish green mineralEpidoteMohs 6–7 · White to grayish streakErythrite specimen: pink and crimson red mineralErythriteMohs 1.5–2.5 · Pale pink to pale red streakEudialyte specimen: red and pink mineralEudialyteMohs 5–5.5 · White streakFeldspar specimen: white and pink mineralFeldsparMohs 6–6.5 · White streakForsterite specimen: pale yellow-green and olive green mineralForsteriteMohs 6.5–7 · White streakFranklinite specimen: black and brownish black mineralFrankliniteMohs 5.5–6.5 · Reddish brown to black streakGalena specimen: lead-gray and silvery gray mineralGalenaMohs 2.5 · Lead-gray streakGibbsite specimen: white and gray mineralGibbsiteMohs 2.5–3.5 · White streakGlauconite specimen: green and dark green mineralGlauconiteMohs 2–3 · Pale green streakGoethite specimen: brown and yellowish brown mineralGoethiteMohs 5–5.5 · Yellowish brown streakGold specimen: gold and yellow mineralGoldMohs 2.5 · Golden yellow streakGoshenite specimen: colorless and white mineralGosheniteMohs 7.5–8 · White streakGraphite specimen: black and steel-gray mineralGraphiteMohs 1–2 · Black, shiny gray-black streakGrossular specimen: colorless and green mineralGrossularMohs 6.5–7.5 · White streakGypsum specimen: colorless and white mineralGypsumMohs 2 · White streakHalite specimen: colorless and white mineralHaliteMohs 2–2.5 · White streakHauyne specimen: blue and sky blue mineralHauyneMohs 5.5–6 · Pale blue streakHeliodor specimen: mineralHeliodorMohs 5 · White to light-colored streakHemimorphite specimen: white and colorless mineralHemimorphiteMohs 4.5–5 · White streakHessonite specimen: orange-brown and cinnamon mineralHessoniteMohs 6.5–7 · White streakHeulandite specimen: white and colorless mineralHeulanditeMohs 3.5–4 · White streakHornblende specimen: black and dark green mineralHornblendeMohs 5–6 · Pale gray to colorless streakHowlite specimen: white with gray veining mineralHowliteMohs 3–3.5 · White streakIlmenite specimen: black and iron-black mineralIlmeniteMohs 5.5 · Black to brownish red streakJade specimen: mineralJadeMohs 5 · White to light-colored streakKaolinite specimen: white and cream mineralKaoliniteMohs 2 · White streakLazulite specimen: blue and sky blue mineralLazuliteMohs 5.75 · White streakLazurite specimen: blue and deep blue mineralLazuriteMohs 5.25 · Light blue streakLeucite specimen: white and gray mineralLeuciteMohs 5.75 · White streakLimonite specimen: yellowish brown and brown mineralLimoniteMohs 4.5 · Yellowish brown streakMagnesite specimen: white and gray mineralMagnesiteMohs 4 · White streakMagnetite specimen: black and iron-black mineralMagnetiteMohs 5.5–6.5 · Black streakMarcasite specimen: pale brass yellow and tin white mineralMarcasiteMohs 6 · Dark greenish gray to brownish black streakMicrocline specimen: white and cream mineralMicroclineMohs 6 · White streakMilky Quartz specimen: milky white and white crystalMilky QuartzMohs 7 · White streakMimetite specimen: yellow and orange mineralMimetiteMohs 3.75 · White streakMolybdenite specimen: lead gray and bluish gray mineralMolybdeniteMohs 1.25 · Bluish gray streakMuscovite specimen: colorless and silvery white mineralMuscoviteMohs 2–4 · White streakNatrolite specimen: colorless and white mineralNatroliteMohs 5.5 · White streakNepheline specimen: colorless and white mineralNephelineMohs 6 · White streakOlivine specimen: olive green and yellowish green mineralOlivineMohs 6.5–7 · White streakOnyx specimen: mineralOnyxMohs 6.5–7 · White streakOrpiment specimen: lemon yellow and golden yellow mineralOrpimentMohs 1.75 · Pale lemon yellow streakOrthoclase specimen: colorless and white mineralOrthoclaseMohs 6 · White streakPhlogopite specimen: brown and yellow mineralPhlogopiteMohs 2.75 · White streakPlatinum specimen: silver and gray mineralPlatinumMohs 4.25 · Steel gray to silver-white streakPrehnite specimen: green and yellow-green mineralPrehniteMohs 6.25 · White streakPyrolusite specimen: black and steel gray mineralPyrolusiteMohs 6.25 · Black to bluish black streakPyromorphite specimen: green and yellow-green mineralPyromorphiteMohs 3.75 · White streakPyrophyllite specimen: white and gray mineralPyrophylliteMohs 1.5 · White streakQuartz specimen: colorless and white crystalQuartzMohs 7 · White streakRealgar specimen: red and orange-red mineralRealgarMohs 1.75 · Orange-red to yellow-orange streakRhodochrosite specimen: pink and rose red mineralRhodochrositeMohs 3.75 · White streakRutile specimen: reddish brown and black mineralRutileMohs 6.5 · Pale brown to yellowish streakScapolite specimen: white and pink mineralScapoliteMohs 6 · White streakSchorl specimen: black and bluish black mineralSchorlMohs 7 · White to grayish streakSerpentine specimen: green and yellowish green mineralSerpentineMohs 3.5 · White streakSiderite specimen: yellowish brown and brown mineralSideriteMohs 4 · White streakSillimanite specimen: white and gray mineralSillimaniteMohs 7 · White streakSilver specimen: silver white and gray mineralSilverMohs 2.75 · Silver white streakSmithsonite specimen: blue green and green mineralSmithsoniteMohs 4.5 · White streakSpessartine specimen: orange and red mineralSpessartineMohs 7 · White streakSphalerite specimen: brown and black mineralSphaleriteMohs 3.75 · Brownish white to pale yellow streakSpodumene specimen: pink and lilac mineralSpodumeneMohs 6.75 · White streakStaurolite specimen: reddish brown and brown mineralStauroliteMohs 7.25 · White to grayish streakStibnite specimen: lead gray and steel gray mineralStibniteMohs 2 · Lead gray streakStilbite specimen: white and pink mineralStilbiteMohs 3.75 · White streakSugilite specimen: purple and violet mineralSugiliteMohs 6 · White streakSulfur specimen: yellow and bright yellow mineralSulfurMohs 2 · White to pale yellow streakSylvite specimen: colorless and white mineralSylviteMohs 2 · White streakTalc specimen: white and pale green mineralTalcMohs 1 · White streakTitanite specimen: green and yellow mineralTitaniteMohs 5.5 · White streakTourmaline specimen: black and green mineralTourmalineMohs 7–7.5 · White (colorless) streakTremolite specimen: white and gray mineralTremoliteMohs 5.5 · White streakUlexite specimen: white and colorless mineralUlexiteMohs 2.5 · White streakVanadinite specimen: red and orange mineralVanadiniteMohs 3 · Brownish yellow streakVariscite specimen: green and blue-green mineralVarisciteMohs 4 · White streakVesuvianite specimen: green and brown mineralVesuvianiteMohs 6.5 · White streakVivianite specimen: blue and green mineralVivianiteMohs 1.75 · Bluish white streakWavellite specimen: green and yellow mineralWavelliteMohs 3.75 · White streakWulfenite specimen: orange and yellow mineralWulfeniteMohs 3 · White streakZoisite specimen: green and pink mineralZoisiteMohs 6.5 · White streak

Frequently asked questions

What are the most common minerals?

The most searched minerals in the StoneSnap database are Amethyst, Rose Quartz, Turquoise, Labradorite, and Clear Quartz.

How do you identify minerals?

Start with luster and color, then bracket the Mohs hardness with a scratch test and check the streak on unglazed porcelain. Mohs hardness in this group runs from 1 to 9. Each entry below lists the diagnostic properties and its common look-alikes.

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